![]() ![]() Two more vulnerabilities in the library were found: a denial-of-service attack, tracked as CVE-2021-45105 and fixed in 2.17.0 and a difficult-to-exploit remote code execution vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2021-44832 and fixed in 2.17.1. Researchers discovered a related bug, CVE-2021-45046, that allows local or remote code execution in certain non-default configurations and was fixed in version 2.16.0, which disabled all features using JNDI and support for message lookups. The fix included restricting the servers and protocols that may be used for lookups. Mitigation įixes for this vulnerability were released on 6 December 2021, three days before the vulnerability was published, in Log4j version 2.15.0-rc1. Even if an input, such as a first name, is not immediately logged, it may be later logged during internal processing and its contents executed. In the default configuration, when logging a string, Log4j 2 performs string substitution on expressions of the form $ndi, for example, will be converted into a JNDI lookup after performing the lowercase operation on the letter j. Among these interfaces is the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), a non-Java-specific protocol which retrieves the object data as a URL from an appropriate server, either local or anywhere on the Internet. ![]() JNDI can leverage several directory interfaces, each providing a different scheme of looking up files. The Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) allows for lookup of Java objects at program runtime given a path to their data. ![]() Tom Kellermann, a member of President Obama's Commission on Cyber Security, described Apache as "one of the giant supports of a bridge that facilitates the connective tissue between the worlds of applications and computer environments". Originally written in 2001 by Ceki Gülcü, it is now part of Apache Logging Services, a project of the Apache Software Foundation. It is used ubiquitously in Java applications, especially enterprise software. Log4j is an open-source logging framework that allows software developers to log data within their applications. Cybersecurity company Tenable said the exploit was "the single biggest, most critical vulnerability ever," Ars Technica called it "arguably the most severe vulnerability ever" and The Washington Post said that descriptions by security professionals "border on the apocalyptic." Background The vulnerability's disclosure received strong reactions from cybersecurity experts. According to Wiz and EY, the vulnerability affected 93% of enterprise cloud environments. Affected commercial services include Amazon Web Services, Cloudflare, iCloud, Minecraft: Java Edition, Steam, Tencent QQ and many others. A list of its affected software projects has been published by the Apache Security Team. The vulnerability takes advantage of Log4j's allowing requests to arbitrary LDAP and JNDI servers, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary Java code on a server or other computer, or leak sensitive information. The exploit was simple to execute and is estimated to have had the potential to affect hundreds of millions of devices. Apache gave Log4Shell a CVSS severity rating of 10, the highest available score. Before an official CVE identifier was made available on 10 December 2021, the vulnerability circulated with the name "Log4Shell", given by Free Wortley of the LunaSec team, which was initially used to track the issue online. The vulnerability had existed unnoticed since 2013 and was privately disclosed to the Apache Software Foundation, of which Log4j is a project, by Chen Zhaojun of Alibaba Cloud's security team on 24 November 2021. Log4Shell ( CVE-2021-44228) is a zero-day vulnerability in Log4j, a popular Java logging framework, involving arbitrary code execution. Chen Zhaojun of the Alibaba Cloud Security Team Īpplications logging user input using Log4j 2 ![]()
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